LayerNormalization

LayerNormalization - 17

Version

  • name: LayerNormalization (GitHub)

  • domain: main

  • since_version: 17

  • function: True

  • support_level: SupportType.COMMON

  • shape inference: True

This version of the operator has been available since version 17.

Summary

This is layer normalization defined in ONNX as function. The overall computation can be split into two stages. The first stage is standardization, which makes the normalized elements have zero mean and unit variances. The computation required by standardization can be described by the following equations.

Mean = ReduceMean<axes=normalized_axes>(X)
D = Sub(X, Mean)
DD = Mul(D, D)
Var = ReduceMean<axes=normalized_axes>(DD)
VarEps = Add(Var, epsilon)
StdDev = Sqrt(VarEps)
InvStdDev = Reciprocal(StdDev)
Normalized = Mul(D, InvStdDev)

where normalized_axes is [axis, ..., rank of X - 1]. The variables Var and StdDev stand for variance and standard deviation, respectively. The second output is Mean and the last one is InvStdDev. Depending on stash_type attribute, the actual computation must happen in different floating-point precision. For example, if stash_type is 1, this operator casts all input variables to 32-bit float, perform the computation, and finally cast Normalized back to the original type of X. The second stage then scales and shifts the outcome of the first stage using

NormalizedScaled = Mul(Normalized, Scale)
Y = Add(NormalizedScaled, B)

The second stage doesn’t depends on stash_type. All equations are in this syntax. The same variable (i.e., input, output, and attribute) uses the same name in the equations above and this operator’s definition. Let d[i] indicate the i-th dimension of X. If X’s shape is [d[0], ..., d[axis-1], d[axis], ..., d[rank-1]], the shape of Mean and InvStdDev is [d[0], ..., d[axis-1], 1, ..., 1]. Y and X have the same shape. This operator supports unidirectional broadcasting (tensors Scale and B should be unidirectional broadcastable to tensor X); for more details please check Broadcasting in ONNX.

Attributes

  • axis - INT (default is '-1'):

    The first normalization dimension. If rank(X) is r, axis’ allowed range is [-r, r). Negative value means counting dimensions from the back.

  • epsilon - FLOAT (default is '1e-05'):

    The epsilon value to use to avoid division by zero.

  • stash_type - INT (default is '1'):

    Type of Mean and InvStdDev. This also specifies stage one’s computation precision.

Inputs

Between 2 and 3 inputs.

  • X (heterogeneous) - T:

    Tensor to be normalized.

  • Scale (heterogeneous) - T:

    Scale tensor.

  • B (optional, heterogeneous) - T:

    Bias tensor.

Outputs

Between 1 and 3 outputs.

  • Y (heterogeneous) - T:

    Normalized tensor.

  • Mean (optional, heterogeneous) - U:

    Saved mean used during training to speed up gradient computation

  • InvStdDev (optional, heterogeneous) - U:

    Saved inverse standard deviation used during training to speed up gradient computation.

Type Constraints

  • T in ( tensor(bfloat16), tensor(double), tensor(float), tensor(float16) ):

    Constrain input types and output Y type to float tensors.

  • U in ( tensor(bfloat16), tensor(float) ):

    Type of Mean and InvStdDev tensors.